과천외고 3학년 수능 영어: 반례가 나오는 빈칸 추론의 결론 범위 실전문제

자체 제작 모의고사형 연습문제 · 학교 공식 시험지가 아닙니다.

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난이도 상20점1. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Several gardens that installed moisture sensors used less water the following summer. The supplier attributed the reduction to more accurate irrigation. Yet most participating gardeners had also spread mulch around their plants, while the comparison gardens had not. One garden with sensors but no mulch showed little change. This exception does not establish that sensors are ineffective; the garden may have differed in soil or planting density. It does, however, weaken the attempt to credit the entire reduction to a single device. Before recommending a particular investment, the council needs a comparison that ______.

① compares gardens only after the largest reductions have occurred② treats the unchanged garden as representative of all sensor users③ separates the effects of the changes that occurred together④ assumes that planting density matters less than equipment⑤ uses the supplier's predicted savings as the measured outcome

난이도 상20점2. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

It is tempting to assume that a longer queue signals a better restaurant. Often it does indicate that many people wish to eat there. But a small dining room can produce a queue even when demand is modest, and slow service can lengthen it without improving the food. Conversely, a spacious restaurant may serve many satisfied customers without a visible line. These cases do not make queues meaningless. They show that a queue is evidence about demand only when interpreted alongside the restaurant's capacity and pace of service. Its value as a signal therefore depends on ______.

① the other conditions capable of producing the same observation② the belief that visible waiting improves customer satisfaction③ a rule that smaller dining rooms serve better food④ the removal of customer preferences from the analysis⑤ the assumption that slow service results from careful cooking

난이도 상20점3. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

A historian notices that towns with printing workshops produced more surviving political pamphlets than towns without them. It would be reasonable to examine whether local printing helped public debate. It would be less reasonable to equate the number of surviving pamphlets with the original intensity of disagreement. In one town, a fire destroyed the municipal archive; in another, a collector preserved documents that were routinely discarded elsewhere. The counterexamples concern the survival of evidence, not necessarily the existence of debate. A careful conclusion must therefore distinguish ______.

① the topics printed locally from those discussed privately② the cost of a printing workshop from the price of a pamphlet③ political agreement from the absence of local workshops④ past activity from the processes that preserved its traces⑤ the collector's political opinions from the fire's physical cause

난이도 상20점4. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

An observer claims that public benches encourage conversation because people sitting on them often talk. A later survey finds several benches used mainly by silent commuters waiting for buses. This does not show that benches discourage social contact. The commuters may be travelling alone, concentrating on announcements, or using the bench briefly. In a sheltered square, the same type of bench is used by neighbours who remain for an hour. The contrasting cases suggest that the social effect of a physical object is ______. Design matters, but its consequences emerge within patterns of use rather than from the object in isolation.

① unrelated to the location in which it is placed② shaped by the circumstances and duration of its use③ determined mainly by whether users travel by bus④ reduced whenever the object is used frequently⑤ more accurately predicted by its price than by its surroundings

난이도 상20점5. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

A laboratory found that participants identified familiar objects more quickly when the images were bright. It initially described brightness as improving recognition. In a second task, however, participants had to detect a faint edge against a light background; increasing brightness washed out that edge and slowed them down. The later result need not overturn the earlier observation. The tasks placed different demands on the visual system. The first required identifying a clear object, while the second depended on preserving a subtle contrast. What must change is the breadth of the claim: brightness helps recognition ______.

① whenever participants have seen the object before② because faint edges contain less useful information③ only after the observer has memorised the background④ in direct proportion to the amount of light supplied⑤ under conditions in which it preserves the information the task requires